I. Basic requirements for standardized laboratory management

⑴ Establish a strict laboratory management system, clarify responsibilities and requirements, and prevent operators from illegal operations;

⑵ Keep the laboratory environment clean and tidy, pay attention to operation details, and avoid contamination of the laboratory due to operator errors. Clean the laboratory and its equipment frequently and thoroughly. It is strictly forbidden to use a broom to sweep the floor, and try not to use electric fans to avoid dust and excessive humidity;

⑶ Workers should change their clothes, hats and shoes when entering the operation room. It is strictly forbidden to bring items irrelevant to the experiment into the laboratory to avoid pollution and affect the experiment operation;

⑷ Projects that cause cross-contamination or interference must be carried out in separate rooms;

⑸ A system should be established so that areas with control requirements are not allowed to enter at will, and irrelevant personnel are not allowed to enter and leave the laboratory at will;

⑹ Countertops and objects of different projects are not allowed to be mixed, and the experimental operations that must be carried out in the fume hood should be strictly followed.

II. Laboratory environment

Knowledge about standardized management of laboratories

⑴ The laboratory layout is reasonable, easy to work, and there is no interference and cross-contamination between the surrounding environment and the test items. For example, the determination of ammonia nitrogen and total hardness in water quality cannot be carried out in the same laboratory, because the use of ammonia in the determination of total hardness will increase the measured value of ammonia nitrogen;

⑵ Test sites with strict requirements on temperature and humidity (such as precision instrument rooms) must be equipped with corresponding facilities and monitoring equipment, and record the environmental conditions during the test;

⑶ When environmental factors such as electromagnetic interference, noise or vibration affect the inspection work, special monitoring measures should be taken and relevant measured parameters should be recorded; vibration isolation should be provided for inspection items that require vibration and are prone to large vibrations. Anti-vibration measures;

⑷ Precise instruments should not be mixed with chemical analysis laboratories to prevent the instruments from being corroded by damp and acid and alkali chemicals;

⑸ The experimental area is appropriately separated from the office area, and access and use of areas that may affect the quality of work are restricted and controlled;

⑹ Have good housekeeping management, keep the laboratory clean, tidy, bright and quiet;
⑺ The waste water, waste gas and other elements produced in the laboratory should have treatment measures to meet environmental protection requirements;

⑻ The sample room shall be demarcated to be inspected area, in inspected area, inspected area, reserved sample area, and special areas must be clearly marked;

⑼ There should be an independent pure water preparation room.

III. Laboratory items and reagent management

⑴ The management of items in the laboratory is divided into three categories: in use, scrapped, and idle, and placed in an orderly and neat manner. Items not related to testing will be removed from the laboratory;

⑵ Glass measuring vessels should be numbered and should not be mixed with chemical reagents to avoid cross contamination;

⑶ Storage management requirements for general reagents

① Chemical reagents should be stored in a dedicated warehouse. The laboratory only stores a small amount of reagents needed for short-term work, and it should be stored separately from the reagent solution provided;

② The dedicated reagent cabinet should be convenient for the separate storage of reagents, the reagents in the cabinet should be placed in compartments according to their nature, and solid reagents and liquid reagents should be stored separately;

③ Reagents that are prone to pollute other reagents should be tightly packaged and stored separately from other reagents; reagents that are prone to gas generation should not be packaged too tightly, and should be placed in a well-ventilated place; bottles of corrosive reagents should be made of plastic or The enamel tray supports all reagents in case of accidental breakage; reagents that are prone to deliquescent or deteriorated after being damp should be stored in a desiccator; volatile reagents should be particularly refrigerated; when the room temperature drops, it can cause liquid Reagents that become solid (such as fuming sulfuric acid, phenol, glacial acetic acid, etc.) should take measures to prevent bottle cracking.

④ Special personnel should be responsible for regular inspections and timely handling of various abnormal situations.

⑷ Storage and management of hazardous reagents

Hazardous reagents mainly refer to the five major categories of flammable, explosive, toxic, corrosive and radioactive substances. In addition to meeting the requirements for general reagents, the storage management of them should also be noted:

① Flammable and explosive reagents should be stored separately according to different physical and chemical characteristics. The indoor temperature should be below 30℃, and fireworks are strictly prohibited. The storage volume of the laboratory cabinet should be kept at a minimum level on the principle of not affecting normal work development and ensuring safety;

② The volatile and combustible liquid should be bottled and sealed. Violent drugs must be stored in a special safe, with strict management of receipt and double-lock management;

③ Radioactive materials should be stored in special warehouses equipped with necessary shielding facilities and measuring devices, and a strict management system should be established.

⑸ Test solution storage management

① Control the storage period of the test solution. The test solution is not suitable for long-term storage. The proper storage period should be determined according to the nature of the reagent and the concentration of the test solution. All test solutions should be affixed with standard labels, which should include name, solvent, concentration, configuration person, configuration date and expiration date;

② Correctly select the test solution container. The corrosion resistance of the container should meet the requirements, and the test solution container should be correctly selected according to the nature of the test solution and the characteristics of the container material to prevent some impurities from dissolving out of the container and contaminating the test solution. The tightness of the container should be able to effectively prevent the intrusion of gaseous impurities and the volatilization and escape of the test solution.

③ Pay attention to the special requirements of the test solution. Some test solutions have poor stability and are easily deteriorated by sunlight. Special storage methods should be used, such as avoiding light, refrigerating, and adding stabilizers;

④ Pay attention to the test solution to prevent light, heat and dust, and avoid pollution and concentration changes;

⑤ Check the quality of the test solution on a regular basis. If there are signs of deterioration or contamination such as discoloration, precipitation, decomposition, etc., it should be immediately discarded for reconstitution to avoid confusion and misuse.

IV, laboratory safety measures

⑴ The laboratory must be equipped with safety facilities such as fume hood, dust cover, exhaust pipe and fire-fighting equipment, and check regularly to ensure that it is ready for use;

⑵ When the laboratory uses electricity, gas, water, and fire, it should operate in accordance with relevant rules to ensure safety;

⑶ The high-pressure gas cylinders are classified and stored properly, away from fire and heat sources, and avoid exposure to the sun and strong vibration, and fix them, preferably in isolation;

⑷ When using highly toxic chemicals, the user shall submit an application, and go through the application procedures after approval; the use of the prepared highly toxic chemical standard solution shall be tracked and detailed records of the application shall be made;

⑸ The use of organic solvents and operations with strong volatility should be carried out in a fume hood or a well-ventilated place. Under no circumstances should an open flame be used to directly heat the organic solvent;

⑹ Perchloric acid vapor easily reacts violently with organic matter, and even produces a strong explosion. The heating operation should be carried out in a dedicated fume hood;

⑺ Radioactive materials should be stored in special warehouses equipped with necessary shielding facilities and measuring devices, and a strict management system should be established.

V, laboratory environmental protection requirements

⑴ Professional technical departments that produce radiation and hazardous chemicals should independently equip laboratories and take corresponding protective measures;

⑵ Treat the waste water, exhaust gas and other elements discharged from the laboratory to meet the requirements of environmental protection. Take effective measures to deal with the "three wastes" generated in the laboratory:

● The incompatible organic solvent waste liquid should be recycled and processed in a centralized manner to prevent combustion or explosion accidents;

● Potassium cyanide (sodium) waste liquid should be adjusted to alkalescence, and then add bleaching powder solution to make it decompose;

● Benzo(a)pyrene and benzidine carcinogens can be mixed into fuel and burned in an incinerator;

● Reagents such as mercury, cadmium, lead, chromium and other heavy metals and arsenic should be configured as needed to avoid unreasonable disposal and environmental pollution;

● For discarded test samples and excess toxic test solutions, special collection vessels should be set up for unified collection and centralized disposal.

⑶ Testers and outsiders who have been approved to enter the laboratory should wear work clothes and work shoes when entering the test area.

VI. Laboratory management system

Formulate various rules and regulations for the standardized management of laboratories, including laboratory safety management system, laboratory housekeeping management system, laboratory use management system, dangerous goods and toxic use management system, etc.

VII. Quality requirements and preparation of laboratory pure water

Quality requirements for laboratory pure water

⑴ Appearance and grade

Laboratory pure water should be a colorless and transparent liquid, and there should be no visible color and fiber impurities in it. Usually the laboratory pure moisture is classified into three grades.

① First grade water

Contains no dissolved impurities or colloidal organic matter, and is used to prepare standard water samples or analysis of ultra-trace substances.

It can be prepared by re-distilling the secondary water, ion-exchange mixed bed, 0.2μm filter membrane filtration and other methods, or using a quartz distillation device for further distillation.

② Secondary water

It often contains trace amounts of inorganic, organic or colloidal impurities for precise analysis and research work. It can be prepared by re-distilling pure water prepared by distillation, electrodialysis or ion exchange.

③ Tertiary water

Suitable for general experimental work. It can be prepared by distillation, electrodialysis or ion exchange.

⑵ Quality index

The content of inorganic ions, reducing substances, and dust particles in laboratory pure water should be controlled to meet the requirements of water quality analysis.

⑶ Factors affecting the quality of laboratory pure water

The main factors affecting the quality of laboratory pure water include air, containers, and pipelines used in the preparation process.

After the prepared laboratory pure water is placed, its conductivity will drop rapidly. Such as the determination of phosphorus by the ammonium molybdate method

And when using Nessler's reagent method to measure ammonia, as long as it is newly prepared distilled water or ion-exchanged water, it is suitable, but if it is placed for a period of time, its blank value will increase significantly, mainly due to the pollution of air and containers.

Glass containers containing pure water can dissolve some metals and silicates, with less organic matter; polyethylene containers ooze less inorganic matter, but organic matter is slightly higher than glass containers.

For the pure water outlet pipe used in the preparation of pure water, the inner part of the bottle can be a glass tube, and the outer part of the bottle should be a polyethylene tube. The lower end of the pipeline can be connected with a latex tube to facilitate the use of spring clips.

Laboratory pure water preparation and management

Pure water should be prepared in an independent laboratory. The raw material water used to prepare laboratory pure water should be drinking water or relatively clean water. If there is pollution or the blank does not meet the requirements, it must be purified. At the same time, it is equipped with a dedicated pure water conductivity tester, and records of preparation, testing and use are made.

VIII. Laboratory information management

In addition to the above artificial management, you can also use information software to carry out scientific management. CEIDI is committed to providing customers with the most suitable laboratory environment. Whether it is to provide services, products or project implementation, we always look at issues from the standpoint of end users.

Laboratory construction is a complex system engineering. From site selection to planning, from construction to operation, it is necessary to comprehensively consider power supply, water supply, air supply, ventilation, temperature, humidity, safety measures, environmental protection and many other factors. According to your actual budget, construction period, business needs, etc., providing the most suitable laboratory construction solution is always the goal of CEIDI.