General provisions

1. The design of scientific laboratory buildings must implement the current national laws and regulations on safety, health, radiation protection, and environmental protection.

2. Facilities such as anti-theft doors, anti-theft windows and alarm devices should be installed in the storage sites of radioactive materials.

3. Safety and anti-theft measures should be taken for doors and windows on the ground floor of scientific experimental buildings.

4. Warning devices or signs should be installed on the obvious parts or doors of the experimental area or room where personnel are restricted. In addition to warning devices or signs, the storage rooms of radioactive sources should also be equipped with fire prevention, anti-theft and alarm devices.

Fire prevention and evacuation

In addition to the fire protection design of the scientific laboratory building, it must comply with the current national fire protection code for building design, but also the following requirements:

1) The partition walls of laboratories with valuable instruments and equipment should use non-combustible materials with a fire resistance rating of not less than 1h.

2) The doors of laboratories prone to accidents such as fire, explosion, chemical damage, etc. should be opened in the evacuation direction.

3) There should not be less than two safety exits for general laboratories composed of more than one standard unit.

Protection against chemical hazards

1. The design of the radioisotope laboratory shall comply with the provisions of Article 4.3.7 of this code.

2. Fume hoods should be set up in laboratories that conduct experiments on harmful gases, vapors, odors, smoke, and volatile substances.

3. For laboratories that frequently use strong acids, alkalis, and chemical burns, emergency sprinklers and emergency eye washers should be installed near the exit.

4. The treatment and disposal of waste gas, liquid waste, and solid waste in the radioisotope laboratory shall comply with the current relevant national regulations.

5. Laboratories that must store a small amount of frequently used chemical dangerous goods should be equipped with special chemical storage cabinets or fume hoods with continuous ventilation for 24 hours.

6. Laboratories containing mercury should be equipped with special fume hoods. The floors, floors, walls, ceilings, test benches, doors, windows, etc. of such laboratories should be made of non-cracking, non-adsorbing, non-leaking materials, and should be equipped with mercury collection tanks, ditches, bottles and other facilities . The ground and floor should have a slope of not less than 1%. The trench and floor drain should have the function of collecting the lost mercury, and the lower part of the room should be equipped with an exhaust outlet.
Protection against biological hazards

1. According to the current four-level classification of harmful microorganisms and viruses (see Appendix A), biohazard prevention laboratories are divided into biosafety level 4 laboratories, biosafety level 3 laboratories, biosafety level 2 laboratories, and biosafety 1 Class laboratory.
2. Biosafety Level 4 Laboratory

1) Level 4 laboratories are used for experiments on highly hazardous microorganisms and viruses, and should be designed as independent buildings. When it needs to be set up in the same building with other laboratory rooms, it must be clearly partitioned and isolated.

2) Rooms with the following procedures must be provided for staff to enter and exit: transition room family service room  shower room  laboratory service room  laboratory. From the transition room to the laboratory, a pressure difference of 20 to 30 Pa should be maintained successively.
3) Negative pressure must be maintained in the laboratory, and the exhaust to the outdoors must be specially filtered.

4) Disinfection facilities must be provided for the access of experimental materials and equipment.

5) Protruding building components and exposed pipelines should be reduced in the laboratory.

6) The laboratory must be equipped with Class II and Class III biological safety cabinets and double-door high-pressure steam sterilizers.

7) Fixed test benches and other fixed facilities should not be used in the laboratory.

8) The ground, wall, ceiling, observation window and pipe holes of the laboratory must be strictly sealed.

9) The laboratory must not open external windows.

10) Hazardous signs, safety notices and working status lights must be installed at the entrance of the experimental area.

11) Wash basins must be installed at the entrance and exit of the laboratory and a photoelectric faucet switch should be used.

3. Biosafety Level 3 Laboratory

1) Negative pressure must be maintained in the laboratory. From the public area or other rooms to the laboratory, a pressure difference of 10 to 20 Pa should be maintained successively, and the air exhaust to the outside must be specially filtered.

2) Level 3 laboratories are used to conduct experiments on moderately harmful microorganisms and viruses. They can be arranged in the same building as other scientific research rooms, but a transition room must be set up between them and public areas or other rooms.

3) The ground, wall, ceiling, window and pipe holes of the laboratory must be strictly sealed.

4) Disinfection facilities should be provided for the entry and exit of experimental materials and equipment.

5) Prominent building components and exposed pipelines should be reduced in the laboratory.

6) The laboratory must be equipped with a Class II biological safety cabinet and a double-door high-pressure steam sterilizer.

7) Fixed test benches and other fixed facilities should not be used in the laboratory.

8) Wash basins must be installed at the entrance and exit of the laboratory and photoelectric faucet switches should be used.

9) Hazardous signs, safety notices and working status lights must be installed at the entrance of the experimental area.

4. Biosafety Level 2 Laboratory

1) Fixed test benches and other fixed facilities should not be used in the laboratory.

2) Level 2 laboratories are used to conduct experiments on low-hazard microorganisms and viruses. The laboratory area should be equipped with Level I or Level II biological safety cabinets and sterilizers.

3) The floor and wall of the laboratory should be easy to clean.

4) Wash basins should be provided in the laboratory.

5. The biological safety level 1 laboratory is used to conduct experiments on slightly hazardous microorganisms and viruses. Its design requirements are basically the same as those of the biological safety level 2 laboratory, but it does not need to be equipped with a biological safety cabinet and a sterilizer.